千岛湖蚤状潘垂直分布格局及其季节与昼夜变化     

朱爱娇姚建良  薛俊增 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,(4):120-128

2004年10月至2005年8月，对不同季节千岛湖蚤状潘的垂直分布情况以及昼夜迁移进行了研究。结果表明，蚤状潘在千岛湖分布广泛，春季和夏季蚤状潘主要分布在15-25m水层，而在秋冬季分布相对均匀，从表层到60m水深都有分布；比较了蚤状漫在不同季节的迁移现象，春季和秋季蚤状潘为夜间迁移模式，而在夏季和冬季虽然都存在迁移现象，但不同于常见的三种迁移模式。  相似文献   

Study on copper complexing ligand concentrations in several China’s coastal waters     

GONG Haidong  ZHANG Zhengbin  LIU Chunying  LIU Liansheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(1):64-77

Copper complexing ligand concentrations in the Daya Bay, Qingdao coast, Jiaozhou Bay, South China Sea and Huanghe Estuary waters were determined by the anodic stripping voltammetry technique. The distribution regularity and the relationship with other parameters were discussed. The results were as follows: Copper complexing ligand concentrations of the South China Sea were a little higher than those of other sea areas, and they were apparently higher than those of the ocean. Compared with the subsurface layer (SSL) in the sea surface microlayer copper complexing ligand concentrations showed an enrichment phenomenon, of which the mechanism is similar to dissolved organic matter. The metal complexing ligand concentration profiles of the South China Sea showed that the value in the sea surface was the highest, then it decreased with depth accruing, and a higher value appeared at the bottom. Copper complexing ligand concentrations were higher than those of cadmium and lead. Ligands in each sea area exhibited a complicated property. In short, the distribution regularity of copper complexing ligand concentrations in China' s coastal waters was consistent with that of other regions in the world. Meanwhile, the positive relationship between the copper complexing ligand concentrations and biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and viscosity were found clearly.  相似文献   

Atmospheric forcing of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review   总被引：1，自引：8，他引：1  

Jorge A. Amador  Eric J. Alfaro  Omar G. Lizano  Victor O. Magaa 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,69(2-4):101

The increase in marine, land surface, atmospheric and satellite data during recent decades has led to an improved understanding of the air–sea interaction processes in the eastern tropical Pacific. This is also thanks to extensive diagnoses from conceptual and coupled ocean–atmosphere numerical models. In this paper, mean fields of atmospheric variables, such as incoming solar radiation, sea level pressure, winds, wind stress curl, precipitation, evaporation, and surface energy fluxes, are derived from global atmospheric data sets in order to examine the dominant features of the low level atmospheric circulations of the region. The seasonal march of the atmospheric circulations is presented to depict the role of radiative forcing on atmospheric perturbations, especially those dominating the atmosphere at low levels.In the tropics, the trade winds constitute an important north–south energy and moisture exchange mechanism (as part of the low level branch of the Hadley circulation), that determines to a large extent the precipitation distribution in the region, i.e., that associated with the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Monsoonal circulations also play an important role in determining the warm season precipitation distribution over the eastern tropical Pacific through a large variety of air–sea–land interaction mechanisms. Westward traveling waves, tropical cyclones, low latitude cold air intrusions, and other synoptic and mesoscale perturbations associated with the ITCZ are also important elements that modulate the annual rainfall cycle. The low-level jets of the Gulf of California, the Intra-Americas Sea (Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) and Chocó, Colombia are prominent features of the eastern tropical Pacific low-level circulations related to sub-regional and regional scale precipitation patterns. Observations show that the Intra-Americas Low-Level Jet intensity varies with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases, however its origin and role in the westward propagation and development of disturbances that may hit the eastern tropical Pacific, such as easterly waves and tropical cyclones, are still unclear. Changes in the intensity of the trade winds in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (associated with eastern tropical Pacific wind jets) exert an important control on precipitation by means of wind–topography interactions. Gaps in the mountains of southern Mexico and Central America allow strong wind jets to pass over the continent imprinting a unique signal in sea surface temperatures and ocean dynamics of the eastern tropical Pacific.The warm pools of the Americas constitute an important source of moisture for the North American Monsoon System. The northeastern tropical Pacific is a region of intense cyclogenetic activity, just west of the coast of Mesoamerica. Over the oceanic regions, large-scale properties of key variables such as precipitation, moisture, surface energy fluxes and wind stress curl are still uncertain, which inhibits a more comprehensive view of the region and stresses the importance of regional field experiments. Progress has been substantial in the understanding of the ocean and atmospheric dynamics of the eastern tropical Pacific, however, recent observational evidence such as that of a shallow meridional circulation cell in that region, in contrast to the classic concept of the Hadley-type deep meridional circulation, suggests that more in situ observations to validate theories are still necessary.This paper is part of a comprehensive review of the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

天然感潮河道水流紊动特性分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

卢金友徐海涛  姚仕明 《海洋工程》2005,23(3):70-77

采用多谱勒三相流速仪，在长江口徐六泾水文观测断面分别进行了涨潮、落潮时中泓与近岸垂线的流速观测，根据这些观测资料，对天然感潮河段潮流紊动的周期、频率、概率密度函数等进行了定量的数学描述，并对时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力等沿垂线分布进行了分析计算。  相似文献   

东海浮游翼足类(Pteropods)数量分布的研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

徐兆礼 《海洋学报》2005,27(4):148-154

根据1997～2000年东海海域23°30'～33°00'N,118°30'～128°00'E的4个季节海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨了东海浮游翼足类总丰度的平面分布、季节变化及变化的动力学机制.结果表明,东海翼足类总丰度和出现频率有明显的季节变化,均为秋季最高,夏季次之,春季最低;总丰度在各个季节基本上呈东海南部高于北部、外海高于近海的分布趋势;春季的尖笔帽螺(Creseis acicula)、夏季的锥笔帽螺(Creseis virgula)、秋季的蝴蝶螺(Desmopterus papilio)和冬季的马蹄螔螺(Limacina trochiformis)是导致总丰度季节变化的最主要的种类;冬、春和夏3个季节丰度变化及4季总丰度的变化同表层或10m层水温有非常显著的线性相关关系,与底层温度及盐度的相关关系不显著.夏季翼足类高丰度区位于台湾暖流与黑潮暖流的分支处;从夏季到秋季,翼足类随着台湾暖流向北扩展,并在与长江冲淡水,闽浙沿岸水团,黄海水团等交汇处形成高丰度(大于500×10-2个/m3)和较高丰度(250×10-2～500×10-2个/m3)分布区.水温和海流是影响东海翼足类总丰度分布的主要环境因素.  相似文献   

福建闽南沿海养殖贝类体中砷含量的分布   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

钟硕良 《海洋学报》2005,27(6):116-122

通过2003~2004年对福建闽南沿海5种养殖贝类体砷含量的调查监测,对养殖贝类体中砷含量的分布进行了探讨.福建闽南沿海5种养殖贝类体总砷含量为0.65×10-6~4.80×10-6,总平均值为2.09×10-6,其中有机砷和无机砷占总砷含量的百分比分别为61.6%~98.2%和2.3%~38.4%,平均值分别为88.8%和11.2%.在相同养殖区,养殖贝类体总砷平均含量的种间分布差异较小.滩涂养殖底栖贝类体内总砷平均含量总体上高于浅海筏式养殖贝类体的平均含量.福建闽南沿海5种养殖贝类体内总砷含量在泉州湾、湄州湾、东山湾和九龙江口高,在诏安湾和围头湾低,在其余各湾相近.5种养殖贝类体内无机砷的污染指数和总平均值分别为0.05~0.76和0.23,总砷的污染指数和总平均值分别为0.06~0.48和0.21,总体符合国家食品卫生质量标准.养殖贝类体中砷含量与体长之间总体成正相关.  相似文献   

珠江口浮游幼虫的生态研究     

李开枝  尹健强  黄良民  邱大俊 《海洋通报》2007,26(6):42-47

根据2002—2003年珠江口12个航次的调查资料,分析探讨了不同调查时间和区域浮游幼虫的组成类型、丰度变化和环境因子的影响。以表层盐度(S)变化将调查海域划分成三个区域:I区(S<25)、II区(2530)。12个航次的调查结果显示:调查海域共出现浮游幼虫12个类型,隶属5个动物门,II区和III区的类型数一般高于I区,软体动物门和棘皮动物门的幼虫只出现在II区和III区。其中2002年7月(夏季)、2003年1月(冬季)和4月(春季)的3个大航次结果表明珠江口浮游幼虫的平均丰度为61ind/m3,三个区域的平均丰度比较为II区(124ind/m3)>I区(33ind/m3)>III区(27ind/m3),春夏季的丰度高于冬季。另外在I区进行了9个小航次调查的研究表明:I区浮游幼虫平均丰度较高,月份之间的丰度差别明显,不同站位之间也有差别。温度和食料是影响珠江口浮游幼虫丰度变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

A probability distribution for depth-limited extreme wave heights in a sea state     

Fernando J. Mndez  Sonia Castanedo 《Coastal Engineering》2007,54(12):878-882

A model for the depth-limited distribution of the highest wave in a sea state is presented. The distribution for the extreme wave height is based on a probability density function (pdf) for depth-limited wave height distribution for individual waves [Méndez, F.J., Losada, I.J., Medina, R. 2004. Transformation model of wave height distribution. Coastal Eng, Vol. 50, 97:115.] and considers the correlation between consecutive waves. The model is validated using field data showing a good representation of the extreme wave heights in the surf zone. Some important statistical wave heights are parameterized obtaining useful expressions that can be used in further calculations.  相似文献   

Horizontal spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nearshore larval fish assemblages at a temperate rocky shore     

Rita Borges  Radhouan Ben-Hamadou  M. Alexandra Chícharo  Pedro R  Emanuel J. Gonalves 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):412-428

There have been no previous studies of the composition of nearshore larval fish assemblages along the coast of Portugal. We aimed to describe the composition and horizontal distribution patterns of larval fish assemblages and their temporal dynamics near a rocky reef at depths shallower than 13 m (inshore) and at two miles (3.70 km) from shore (offshore), as well as along transects perpendicular to the shoreline, from the reef to 10 miles offshore (18.52 km). Samples were taken using 5 min sub-surface trawls at the rocky shore of the Arrábida Marine Park (W Portugal). A total of 1021 larvae were collected, belonging to 61 taxa inshore and to 29 taxa offshore. Along transects, 626 larvae of 52 taxa were collected. Most larvae belonged to coastal species associated with rocky reefs. Total larval abundance and diversity were higher from May to July, which is consistent with the spawning activity of adults. Diversity and total larval abundance decreased significantly with increasing distance from shore, both in the inshore/offshore comparison and in the transects, where this decrease was evident at a very small spatial scale (within the first mile from the reef). Species assemblages differed in the pattern of distribution, with most species clearly associated to the extreme nearshore. The distribution patterns obtained were independent of the spawning mode of species. Results are discussed in the light of the possible physical mechanisms that can potentially act at the Arrábida Marine Park to facilitate larvae retention and the role of larval behaviour.  相似文献   

南海主要珊瑚礁水域软骨鱼类的组成与分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

舒黎明  李永振  陈国宝 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(2):277-280

利用1998年3~5月和1999年5~6月在西沙和南沙的12座珊瑚礁水域渔业资源专业调查资料以及1998年2月~1999年12月在南沙群岛水域进行的渔业资源监测调查资料,分析讨论了南海珊瑚礁水域软骨鱼类的组成与分布。专业调查结果:捕获软骨鱼类14属16种,渔获量计64尾2 844.1kg,优势种为大眼角鲨、鼬鲨、日本燕、侧条真鲨、灰六鳃鲨;监测调查表明南沙珊瑚礁水域的软骨鱼类在全年均可捕获,产量的变动主要与捕捞努力量相关。综合2种调查知:软骨鱼类在南海珊瑚礁水域总体分布范围较广,单鱼种在各个岛礁表现出一定的地域分布性;南海珊瑚礁区捕获软骨鱼类的主要作业方式为延绳钓和大型流刺网。  相似文献